基于生物钟节律探讨前列腺癌的 发病机理及择时治疗策略

生物钟节律观与中医“天人一体”观相契合，生物钟节律紊乱可影响人体的生理病理状态，通过调节生物钟节律可达到提高治疗效果的目的。生物钟节律系统包括中枢生物钟节律系统与外周生物节律系统两大系统，分别在疾病发生发展中发挥不同的作用。与之相应，择时疗法是根据人体气血阴阳节律变化而选择相应药物治疗以达到最佳的疗效的一种时间医学治疗方法。临床上许多前列腺癌患者的发病与生物钟节律紊乱密切相关，通过调整生物钟节律具有预防和改善前列腺癌预后的积极作用。因此，本文将以现代生物钟节律的生理及病理机理为切入点，探讨不同生物钟节律系统紊乱在促前列腺癌中医主证形成过程中的发生机理，进而探讨择时治疗策略在不同类型前列腺癌治疗中运用的可行性，以期对前列腺癌的防治及预后产生一定的影响。     

Enlarged high frequency oscillations of the median nerve somatosensory evoked potential and survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

ObjectiveA large N20 and P25 of the median nerve somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) predicts short survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We investigated whether high frequency oscillations (HFOs) over N20 are enlarged and associated with survival in ALS.MethodsA total of 145 patients with ALS and 57 healthy subjects were studied. We recorded the median nerve SEP and measured the onset-to-peak amplitude of N20 (N20o-p), and peak-to-peak amplitude between N20 and P25 (N20p-P25p). We obtained early and late HFO potentials by filtering SEP between 500 and 1 kHz, and measured the peak-to-peak amplitude. We followed up patients until endpoints (death or tracheostomy) and analyzed the relationship between SEP or HFO amplitudes and survival using a Cox analysis.ResultsPatients showed larger N20o-p, N20p-P25p, and early and late HFO amplitudes than the control values. N20p-P25p was associated with survival periods (p = 0.0004), while early and late HFO amplitudes showed no significant association with survival (p = 0.4307, and p = 0.6858, respectively).ConclusionsThe HFO amplitude in ALS is increased, but does not predict survival.SignificanceThe enlarged HFOs in ALS might be a compensatory phenomenon to the hyperexcitability of the sensory cortex pyramidal neurons.     

腹腔镜精准肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌的临床效果

目的探究腹腔镜精准肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌的临床效果。方法选择2019年1月—2020年6月期间在医院接受腹腔镜肝切除术治疗的80例原发性肝癌患者作为实验分析对象,依据手术治疗方案的不同将患者分为腹腔镜常规肝切除组(对照组)40例和腹腔镜精准肝切除组(观察组)40例,对两组患者手术各项指标、手术前后肝功能指标改善情况及术后并发症发生率进行对比分析。结果观察组患者手术时间明显长于对照组,组间比较进行t检验,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者术中出血量及术中输血量均少于对照组患者,术后恢复时间明显短于对照组患者,组间比较进行t检验,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后,两组患者ALT、AST、ALB及TBIL水平均显著降低,组内比较进行t检验,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组患者ALT、AST、ALB及TBIL水平降低幅度显著大于对照组患者,组间比较进行t检验,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者术后并发症发生率为10.00%,对照组患者术后并发症发生率为27.50%,组间比较进行χ2检验,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.021;P=0.045)。结论与腹腔镜常规肝切除术比较,腹腔镜精准肝切除术操作精细,手术时间相对较长,患者术中出血量更少,术后恢复时间更短,能够最大限度保护患者的肝脏,减低患者术后并发症发生率,提高手术治疗效果,改善患者预后。     

Incidence,Treatment and Outcomes of Cervical Cancer in Low- and Middle-income Countries

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in developing nations. It has had a tremendous impact on the lifetime of millions of women over the last century and continues to do so. In this collaborative clinicians' review, we highlight the incidence, treatment and clinical outcomes of cervical cancer in low-income (LICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) across Asia, South America, South Africa and Eastern Europe. With the cervical cancer burden and locally advanced cancers being high, the majority of LICs/LMICs have been striving to adhere to optimal evaluation and treatment guidelines. However, the huge gap in resource availability, rural versus urban disparity and access to resources have led to poor compliance to evaluation, treatment and post-treatment rehabilitation. To mitigate the overwhelming numbers, various treatment strategies like neoadjuvant chemotherapy, hypofractionation radiation schedules (both external and brachytherapy) have been attempted with no major success. Also, the compliance to concurrent chemoradiation in various regions is a major challenge. With the burden of advanced cancers, the lack of palliative care services and their integration in cancer care is still a reality.